Whether you imagine Columbus in the role of hero or villain, there's no denying his importance. Columbus opened the Atlantic to European explorers, adventures, merchants, and the famous conquistadores. And the process that Columbus set in motion led to the foundation of the United States about three hundred years after Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue. The Spanish were able to colonize much of South and Central America, but the territory that later became the United States stood on the far periphery of Spain's New World empire.
Only in the West did the Spanish have a serious presence in territory that's now the United States, and Spanish penetration of California and New Mexico came only in the 17th and 18th centuries.
But even more important than the physical remains of Spanish society in the United States is the mere fact that the Spanish came here, paved the way for later European nations to come here, and provided the models on which those other societies thrived. There would be no United States without Spain, and it's with Spain that the history of the United States as we know it began.
Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies This is a groundbreaking work that shows how environmental factors played an important role in determining history. It uses Pizarro's conquest of the Incas to illustrate how different cultures developed at different speeds due to the prevailing crops, population densities, and other factors. Diamond gives a great explanation of the clash of civilizations in the New World.
Written by the most famous historian of Spain, this book combines excellent knowledge of both England and Spain with a comparison of the different goals and methods of the two largest colonial powers. Has an excellent section on Spanish background of the American West. It's over years old, but it's still the most complete work on the topic, and is the basis for any serious study of Cortes, Pizarro, and their ilk. Readable and full of detail, this book is a good monograph for understanding how Spanish America played a role in the development of British America.
Thomas is a well-known Latin American scholar, and his prose is readable and full of insight. Inkuyo, Land of the Incas Flutist Gonzalo Vargas, a proud ancestor of the Incas, founded Inkuyo, a group of talented musicians who shared his desire to perform music from the Andean musical past.
Xavier Quijas Yxayotl, Aztec Dances Indulge in the soothing rhythms of traditional Aztec prayers and ceremonial dances. Various Artists, Panorama: Dances of the Renaissance We suggest splurging on this two-disc compilation of vibrant dance tunes to liven up your next Renaissance-themed dinner party.
Various Artists, Grand Tour: Music from 16th and 17th-Century Italy, Spain, and Germany Giovanni Bassano, Dario Castello, and Johann Vierdanck are just a few of the accomplished composers represented on this eclectic compilation of orchestra music from the 16th and 17th centuries. Shirley Rumsey, Music of the Spanish Renaissance Classical musician Shirley Rumsey offers her illustrious interpretation of simple yet elegant compositions from 15th and 16th-century Spain.
In Florida became a U. Toggle navigation. In Class with Dr. The Spanish Colonization of Florida. Full Image. Sign Up for Newsletter! Sign up! The Spanish complete the conquest of Cuba and establish the town of Havana.
The Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes lands on the coast of Mexico with men, 16 horses and about 20 guns. Montezuma welcomes Hernan Cortes to his capital, Tenochtitlan, under the impression that he is the returning god-king Quetzalcoatl. Cortes and his tiny force capture Montezuma, ruler of the mighty Aztec empire, in his palace at Tenochtitlan. Cortes loses control of Tenochtitlan and has to escape in haste with his men during 'the Sorrowful Night'.
After a little more than a year Cortes recaptures Tenochtitlan and finally establishes Spanish control over Mexico. The conquistadors, settling on land granted to them after the conquest, begin the long process of European emigration to America.
Go to conquistadores in A Dictionary of World History 2 ed. Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru. Go to Pizarro, Francisco c. Francisco Pizarro leads men, with about 30 horses, into the territory of the Inca empire.
Go to Pizarro, Francisco — in World Encyclopedia 1 ed. Pizarro and his tiny force ambush and massacre the Inca court in Cajamarca, capturing Atahualpa himself alive. Atahualpa agrees to buy his freedom from the Spaniards with a room full of gold and another of silver.
Although the ransom has been paid, Atahualpa is executed by the Spaniards — who ensure that he dies a Christian. The Spanish conquistadors capture and sack the Inca capital of Cuzco, high in the Andes. Go to Cuzco in World Encyclopedia 1 ed.
Manco Inca begins a siege of the Spaniards in Cuzco that lasts for a year. With the end of the siege of Cuzco, and the flight of Manco Inca, the Spanish have full control of Peru. New Laws are passed in Spain, in an attempt to protect the Indians on the encomiendas of Spanish America. Go to encomiendas in The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 1 ed. Rich seams of silver are discovered at Potosi, in modern Bolivia. La Paz is founded on the trade route between Lima and the newly discovered silver mines at Potosi.
Spanish galleons assemble each year at Portobelo to deliver European goods and to ship home the metals of Latin America. The Philippines and its governor general are placed under the authority of the Spanish governor of New Spain, ruling from Mexico City.
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