Where is bangla

The earliest example of old Bangla is to be found in the poems of the charyapada , though the language of these poems is also related to eastern Magadhi languages. Shrikrsnakirtan or Shrikrsnasandarbha of baru chandidas is an example of the early form of medieval Bangla. Other writings in medieval Bangla are the translations of the ramayana and the mahabharata , Vaishnava lyrics, poetical biographies of chaitanya , various forms of the mabgalkavya, narrative poetry written at the court of Arakan and Rosang, Shakta Poetry and purbababga-gitika.

An influx of Perso-Arabic words into the language took place at this point of evolution. Bangla also borrowed from sanskrit , the words known as tatsama and tadbhava, English and other languages in the modern Bangla phase. The linguistic features of these three phases of the language can be classified as follows: Old Bangla- phonological: 1. Morphological: 1. Medieval Bangla Phonological: 1. The last phase of medieval Bangla Phonological: 1. Lexical: huge loans of Sanskrit and Perso-Arabic words.

Modern Bangla Phonological: 1. Many features of medieval Bangla are still found in many Bangla dialects. Mixture of languages Bangla has been greatly influenced by two non-Aryan languages: Dravidian and Kol. Their influence is evident not only in the vocabulary but also in the construction of sentences. A large number of onomatopoeic words, repetitive words and conjunctive verbs in Bangla reveal non-Aryan influence; for example, words such as ghoda-toda horses etc , kapad-chopad clothes etc , tuk-tuk, khatkhat, khankha, dhandha, basiya pada sitting down , lagiya thaka to persevere , etc.

There are plenty of Dravidian and other non-Aryan words in Bangla, especially in place names, indicating that Bangla passed through many stages and was influenced by various other languages. One of the main influences on Bangla was that of Sanskrit as this language was the vehicle of literature and culture for almost the whole of the subcontinent since the beginning of the Christian era. The religious discourses of the Buddhists and the Jains were carried on in pali and Ardhamagadhi respectively.

In the days of old Bangla, many Bengalis used to write poetic works in Sanskrit. Even after the evolution of Bangla, many well-known Bengali poets, such as jaydev , umapatidhar and govardhan acharya , continued to compose their literary works in Sanskrit.

The result was that many pure Sanskrit words entered Bangla from the very early stages. Following the establishment of Muslim rule in Bengal in the 13th century, Bangla came under the influence of Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Persian was the language of the court during Muslim rule in the 14th and 15th centuries. Because of this special status as well as other cultural influences, Bangla picked up many Persian words at this time.

In the 16th century, with the Portuguese inroads, several Portuguese words entered Bangla; for example, words such as anaras pineapple , ata custard-apple and tamak tobacco. From the 17th century, the Dutch, French and English started arriving in Bengal. During the 17th and' 18th centuries effective use of Bangla prose began through the efforts of Christian missionaries.

With the start of British rule in the 18th century and the spread of English education, Bangla started absorbing increasing numbers of English words. Following the establishment of the Bengali Department at fort william college in calcutta in , the efforts of its head, william carey , and his associate Bengali scholars, made Bangla fit for fine prose.

During the 19th century, the efforts of Bengali writers contributed to the further growth of the language. Among them were raja rammohun roy , bhabani charan bandyopadhyay, iswar chandra vidyasagar , bankimchandra chattopadhyay , madhusudan dutt and mir mosharraf hossain.

The 20th century witnessed the elevation of colloquial Bangla to a written literary medium through the work of many talented writers such as rabindranath tagore and pramatha chowdhury.

Dialects suniti kumar chatterji classified Bangla dialects into four broad groups: Radh, Babga, Kamrupa and Varendra; Sukumar Sen added one more and defined five groups of dialects: Radhi, Babgali, Kamrupi, Varendri and Jhadkhandi. Radhi is the basis of standard colloquial Bangla, spoken in wide areas of south-western Bengal. Bangali is chiefly spoken in the east and south-eastern areas of Bengal. But the dialects of sylhet , noakhali and chittagong are so different from Bangali that it is best to consider these spoken forms as separate dialects.

All the marginal dialects of the Bangla language naturally get mixed up with the neighbouring forms. Remote Bangali and Kamrupi bear close affinity with Assamese, Jhadkhandi with south-western Bihari, and the language spoken in the Kanthi area with Oriya.

Forms of language Written Bangla has two forms: sadhu or chaste and chalita or colloquial or spoken. The two differ basically in verbs and pronouns. While many Bengals are said to have either left Pakistan today, or have assimilated to the Pakistani culture and Urdu language, around 2 million Bengals are said to still live in in Pakistan today. Bangladesh and The United Kingdom share a common history and there has been a Bengali presence in the UK for as long as the two countries have been in contact.

Today there are around Most of the Bengali immigrants came to the US as ship-workers and settles in port-cities. In the beginning, immigration was slow, but today more than There is a sizable amount of Bengals working in the Middle East today. Because the visas granted to Bengals in these countries are employment based, most Bengals only work in the Middle East temporarily.

As you might have been able to gather from the above, there are Bengals in almost all corners of the world. They are not inflected for number. The core of the Bengali lexicon is derived from the Magadhan languages from which it descended; however, it has also incorporated numerous loanwords over time as a result of contact with numerous different languages.

Among the largest contributors of loanwords to the Bengali language are Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Sanskrit. In Bangladesh, where the majority of Bengali speakers are Muslim, a larger proportion of Arabic and Persian are used, whereas Hindu speakers of Bengali tend to display a greater degree of influence from Sanskrit.

The Bengali alphabet is a Brahmic script, and it is the fifth most widely used writing system in the world. It is also classified an abugida, meaning that vowels are not written as independent letters, but rather as diacritics that modify the vowel in the base letter to which they are added. The script is written and read from left to right. Also, as a result of the efforts of the Bangladeshi contingent of the UN Peacekeeping Force in Sierra Leone during its civil war, Bengali was made an official language in the West African country.

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